Fungicides: An Overlooked Pesticide Class?

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04392
• Publication Date: 2019-03-06T02:01:14Z
• Authors: Jochen P. Zubrod; Mirco Bundschuh; Gertie Arts; Carsten A. Brühl; Gwenaël Imfeld; Anja Knäbel; Sylvain Payraudeau; Jes J. Rasmussen; Jason Rohr; Andreas Scharmüller; Kelly Smalling; Sebastian Stehle; Ralf Schulz; Ralf B. Schäfer
• Keywords: 2. Zero hunger; 15. Life on land; Invertebrates; 01 natural sciences; 6. Clean water; Fungicides, Industrial; 13. Climate action; [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences; Life Science; Animals; 14. Life underwater; Pesticides; Biologie; Ecosystem; Water Pollutants, Chemical; 0105 earth and related environmental sciences

Fungicides are indispensable to global food security and their use is forecasted intensify. can reach aquatic ecosystems occur in surface water bodies agricultural catchments throughout the entire growing season due frequent, prophylactic application. However, comparison herbicides insecticides, exposure effects of fungicides have received less attention. We provide an overview risk covering fungicide (i.e., environmental fate, modeling, mitigation measures) as well direct indirect on microorganisms, macrophytes, invertebrates, vertebrates. show that widely systems, accuracy predicted concentrations debatable, be effectively mitigated. additionally demonstrate highly toxic a broad range organisms pose biota. Finally, we outline central research gaps currently challenge our ability predict effects, promising avenues, shortcomings current assessment for fungicides.