Influence of Cultivar and Harvest Year on the Volatile Profiles of Leaves and Roots of Carrots (Daucus carota spp. sativus Hoffm.)

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00704
• Publication Date: 2015-03-21T14:22:22Z
• Authors: Detlef Ulrich; Thomas Nothnagel; Hartwig Schulz
• Keywords: 0301 basic medicine; 2. Zero hunger; Volatile Organic Compounds; Genotype; Terpenes; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Allylbenzene Derivatives; Dioxolanes; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Breeding; Environment; Pyrogallol; Plant Roots; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Daucus carota; Plant Leaves; 03 medical and health sciences; Benzyl Compounds; Monoterpenes; Gene-Environment Interaction; Solid Phase Microextraction

The focus of the present work centers on the diversity of volatile patterns of carrots. In total 15 main volatiles were semiquantified in leaves and roots using isolation by headspace solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography with FID and MS detection. Significant differences in the main number of compounds were detected between the cultivars as well as the years. Genotype-environment interactions (G × E) are discussed. The most abundant metabolites, β-myrcene (leaves) and terpinolene (roots), differ in the sum of all interactions (cultivar × harvest year) by a factor of 22 and 62, respectively. A statistical test indicates significant metabolic differences between cultivars for nine volatiles in leaves and 10 in roots. In contrast to others the volatiles α-pinene, γ-terpinene, limonene, and myristicine in leaves as well as β-pinene, humulene, and bornyl acetate in roots are relatively stable over years. A correlation analysis shows no strict clustering regarding root color. While the biosynthesis in leaves and roots is independent between these two organs for nine of the 15 volatiles, a significant correlation of the myristicine content between leaves and roots was determined, which suggests the use of this compound as a bitter marker in carrot breeding.