Toxicity of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Betaine:Glycerol in Rats

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01746
• Publication Date: 2018-05-29T02:07:40Z
• Authors: Melha Benlebna; Mariana Ruesgas-R...; Beatrice Bonafos; Gilles Fouret; François Casas; Charles Coudray; Erwann Durand; Maria Cruz Figuer...; Christine Feillet...
• Keywords: Glycerol; Male; [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]; F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale; 590; solvant; Coffea; phenolic compounds; glycerol; 02 engineering and technology; L73 - Maladies des animaux; 01 natural sciences; polyphénol; agriculture biologique; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15881; chlorogenic acids; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1720; Animals; betaine; Rats, Wistar; Plant Extracts; toxicity; 6. Clean water; Rats; 0104 chemical sciences; [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]; Betaine; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7236; Seeds; Solvents; http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15911; 0210 nano-technology; nades

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) are new natural solvents in green chemistry that in some cases have been shown to allow better extraction of plant bioactive molecules compared to conventional solvents and higher phenolic compound absorption in rodents. However, there is a serious lack of information regarding their in vivo safety. The purpose of this study was to verify the safety of a NaDES (betaine:glycerol (1:2 mole ratio) of water) extract from green coffee beans, rich in polyphenols. Twelve 6-week-old male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups of 6 animals each and twice daily gavaged for 14 days either with 3 mL of water or 3 mL of phenolic NaDES extract. Oral administration of phenolic NaDES extract induced mortality in two rats. In addition, it induced excessive water consumption, reduced dietary intake and weight loss, hepatomegaly, and plasma oxidative stress associated with high blood lipid levels. In conclusion, this work demonstrated the toxicity of oral administration of the selected NaDES under a short-term condition. This occurs despite the fact that this NaDES extract contains polyphenols, whose beneficial effects have been shown. Therefore, complementary work is needed to find the best dose and formulation of NaDES that are safe for the environment and animals and ultimately for humans.