In Situ Formation of Au-Glycopolymer Nanoparticles for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Biosensing and Single-Cell Immunity

• DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13647
• Publication Date: 2021-10-28T01:32:10Z
• Authors: Zi-Chun Chia; Li-Xing Yang; Ting-Yu Cheng; Ya-Jyun Chen; Horng-Long Cheng; Fei-Ting Hsu; Ying-Jan Wang; Yu-Ying Chen; Tzu-Chi Huang; Yi-Syun Fang; Chih-Chia Huang
• Keywords: 01 natural sciences; 0104 chemical sciences

Successful synthesis of glyconanoparticles has attracted much attention due to their various biointeractive capabilities, but it is still a challenge to understand different single-cell responses to exogenous particles among cell populations. Herein, we designed polyaniline-containing galactosylated gold nanoparticles (Au@PGlyco NPs) via in situ polymerization of ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactoside assisted by Au nucleation. The nanogold-carrying polyaniline block produced electromagnetic enhancement in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The underlying polymerization mechanism of ortho-nitrophenyl compounds via the formation of Au nanoparticles was investigated. Depending on how the galactoside moiety reacted with β-galactosidase derived from bacteria, the Au@PGlyco NPs-mediated SERS biosensor could detect low amounts of bacteria (∼1 × 102 CFU/mL). In addition, a high accumulation of Au@PGlyco NPs mediated the immune response of tumor-associated M2 macrophages to the immunogenic M1 macrophage transition, which was elicited by reactive oxygen levels biostimulation using single-cell SERS-combined fluorescence imaging. Our study suggested that Au@PGlyco NPs may serve as a biosensing platform with the labeling capacity on galactose-binding receptors expressed cell and immune regulation.