Sulfur-Based Aqueous Batteries: Electrochemistry and Strategies

• DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06923
• Publication Date: 2021-09-12T19:20:17Z
• Authors: Jiahao Liu; Wanhai Zhou; Ruizheng Zhao; Zhoudong Yang; Wei Li; Dongliang Chao; Shi-Zhang Qiao; Dongyuan Zhao
• Keywords: 01 natural sciences; 7. Clean energy; 0104 chemical sciences

While research interest in aqueous batteries has surged due to their intrinsic low cost and high safety, the practical application is plagued by restrictive capacity (less than 600 mAh g–1) of electrode materials. Sulfur-based (SABs) feature theoretical (1672 g–1), compatible potential, affordable cost, arousing ever-increasing attention intense efforts. Nonetheless, underlying electrochemistry SABs remains unclear, including complicated thermodynamic evolution insufficient kinetics metrics. Consequently, multifarious irreversible reactions various systems imply systematic complexity SABs. Herein, rather simply compiling recent progress, this Perspective aims construct a theory-to-application methodology. Theoretically, been paid critical appraisal aqueous-S-related electrochemistry, fundamental properties evaluation, metrics with transient steady-state analyses, equilibrium evolution. To put it into practice, current challenges promising strategies are synergistically proposed. Practically, above efforts employed evaluate develop device-scale applications, scilicet flow-SABs, oxide-SABs, metal-SABs. Last, chemical engineering insights rendered collectively for future development high-energy