Chemical Synthesis of a Full-Length G-Protein-Coupled Receptor β2-Adrenergic Receptor with Defined Modification Patterns at the C-Terminus

• DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07369
• Publication Date: 2021-10-20T20:42:13Z
• Authors: Yulei Li; Jie Heng; Demeng Sun; Baochang Zhang; Xin Zhang; Yupeng Zheng; Wei-Wei Shi; Tong-Yue Wang; Jiu-Yi Li; Xiaoou Sun; Xiangyu Liu; Ji-Shen Zheng; Brian K. Kobilka; Lei Liu
• Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; 0303 health sciences; Ubiquitination; Aminoacyltransferases; Cysteine Endopeptidases; 03 medical and health sciences; beta-Arrestin 1; Allosteric Regulation; Bacterial Proteins; Humans; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Phosphorylation; Protein Processing, Post-Translational

The β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that responds to the hormone adrenaline and is an important drug target in the context of respiratory diseases, including asthma. β2AR function can be regulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination at the C-terminus, but access to the full-length β2AR with well-defined and homogeneous modification patterns critical for biochemical and biophysical studies remains challenging. Here, we report a practical synthesis of differentially modified, full-length β2AR based on a combined native chemical ligation (NCL) and sortase ligation strategy. An array of homogeneous samples of full-length β2ARs with distinct modification patterns, including a full-length β2AR bearing both monoubiquitination and octaphosphorylation modifications, were successfully prepared for the first time. Using these homogeneously modified full-length β2AR receptors, we found that different phosphorylation patterns mediate different interactions with β-arrestin1 as reflected in different agonist binding affinities. Our experiments also indicated that ubiquitination can further modulate interactions between β2AR and β-arrestin1. Access to full-length β2AR with well-defined and homogeneous modification patterns at the C-terminus opens a door to further in-depth mechanistic studies into the structure and dynamics of β2AR complexes with downstream transducer proteins, including G proteins, arrestins, and GPCR kinases.