C–H Insertion in Dirhodium Tetracarboxylate-Catalyzed Reactions despite Dynamical Tendencies toward Fragmentation: Implications for Reaction Efficiency and Catalyst Design
Lactones
Organometallic Compounds
Rhodium
Ketones
01 natural sciences
Catalysis
0104 chemical sciences
DOI:
10.1021/jacs.2c07681
Publication Date:
2022-09-13T13:27:56Z
AUTHORS (5)
ABSTRACT
Rh-catalyzed C-H insertion reactions to form β-lactones suffer from post-transition state bifurcations, with the same transition states leading to ketones and ketenes via fragmentation in addition to β-lactones. In such a circumstance, traditional transition state theory cannot predict product selectivity, so we employed ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to do so and provide a framework for rationalizing the origins of said selectivity. Weak interactions between the catalyst and substrate were studied using energy decomposition and noncovalent interaction analyses, which unmasked an important role of the 2-bromophenyl substituent that has been used in multiple β-lactone-forming C-H insertion reactions. Small and large catalysts were shown to behave differently, with the latter providing a means of overcoming dynamically preferred fragmentation by lowering the barrier for the recombination of the product fragments in the grip of the large catalyst active site cavity.
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