High-Capacity Rechargeable Li/Cl2 Batteries with Graphite Positive Electrodes

• DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07826
• Publication Date: 2022-11-30T20:00:51Z
• Authors: Guanzhou Zhu; Peng Liang; Cheng-Liang Huang; Cheng-Chia Huang; Yuan-Yao Li; Shu-Chi Wu; Jiachen Li; Feifei Wang; Xin Tian; Wei-Hsiang Huang; Shi-Kai Jiang; Wei-Hsuan Hung; Hui Chen; Meng-Chang Lin; Bing-Joe Hwang; Hongjie Dai
• Keywords: FOS: Physical sciences; Physics - Applied Physics; Applied Physics (physics.app-ph); 7. Clean energy; 01 natural sciences; 0104 chemical sciences

Developing new types of high-capacity and high-energy density rechargeable batteries is important to future generations consumer electronics, electric vehicles, mass energy storage applications. Recently, we reported ∼3.5 V sodium/chlorine (Na/Cl2) lithium/chlorine (Li/Cl2) with up 1200 mAh g-1 reversible capacity, using either a Na or Li metal as the negative electrode, an amorphous carbon nanosphere (aCNS) positive aluminum chloride (AlCl3) dissolved in thionyl (SOCl2) fluoride-based additives electrolyte [Zhu et al., Nature, 2021, 596 (7873), 525-530]. The high surface area large pore volume aCNS electrode facilitated NaCl LiCl deposition trapping Cl2 for NaCl/Cl2 LiCl/Cl2 redox reactions battery discharge/charge cycling. Here, report initially low area/porosity graphite (DGr) material Li/Cl2 battery, attaining performance after activation dioxide (CO2) at 1000 °C (DGr_ac) first discharge capacity ∼1910 cycling g-1. Ex situ Raman spectroscopy X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed evolution over cycling, including intercalation/deintercalation exfoliation that generated sufficient pores hosting redox. This work opens widely available, low-cost graphitic materials alkali metal/Cl2 batteries. Lastly, employed spectrometry probe trapped shedding light into operation.