Custom Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Protect against a Free Radical Mediated Autoimmune Degenerative Disease in the Brain

• DOI: 10.1021/nn403743b
• Publication Date: 2013-11-22T21:45:23Z
• Authors: Karin L. Heckman; William DeCoteau; Ana Estevez; Kenneth J. Reed; Wendi Costanzo; David Sanford; James C. Leiter; Jennifer Clauss; Kylie Knapp; Carlos Gomez; Patrick Mullen; Elle Rathbun; Kelly Prime; Jessica Marini; Jamie Patchefsky; Arthur S. Patchefsky; Richard K. Hailstone; Joseph S. Erlichman
• Keywords: Cerium oxide

Cerium oxide nanoparticles are potent antioxidants, based on their ability to either donate or receive electrons as they alternate between the +3 and +4 valence states. The dual oxidation state of ceria has made it an ideal catalyst in industrial applications, more recently, nanoceria's efficacy neutralizing biologically generated free radicals been explored biological applications. Here, we report vivo characteristics custom-synthesized cerium (CeNPs) animal model immunological free-radical mediated oxidative injury leading neurodegenerative disease. CeNPs 2.9 nm diameter, monodispersed have a -23.5 mV zeta potential when stabilized with citrate/EDTA. This stabilizer coating resists being 'washed' off physiological salt solutions, remain for long durations high ionic strength saline. plasma half-life is ∼4.0 h, far longer than previously described, nanoparticles. When administered intravenously mice, were well tolerated taken up by liver spleen much less previous nanoceria formulations. also able penetrate brain, reduce reactive oxygen species levels, alleviate clinical symptoms motor deficits mice murine multiple sclerosis. Thus, may be useful mitigating tissue damage arising from radical accumulation systems.