The emotional meaning of instrumental social support.

• DOI: 10.1037/1072-5245.15.3.235
• Publication Date: 2008-08-26T01:44:35Z
• Authors: Norbert K. Semmer; Achim Elfering; Nicola Jacobshagen; Tanja Perrot; Terry A. Beehr; Norbert Boos
• Keywords: 1400 General Business, Management and Accounting; 0502 economics and business; 05 social sciences; 1. No poverty; 610 Medicine & health; 10046 Balgrist University Hospital, Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Center; 3200 General Psychology; 3202 Applied Psychology; 3304 Education

Functional social support can be described as emotional (i.e., caring, esteem, etc.) or instrumental (i.e., informational, tangible) support. Hypothesizing that instrumental support often is interpreted as helpful because of its emotional meaning (signalling caring, understanding, esteem), we asked hospital patients (N = 67) to describe situations (N = 109) during which they were supported, and to indicate why this support was helpful. Both the description of the supportive behaviors and the meaning attributed to them were coded with regard to their instrumental versus emotional quality. As expected, many situations that were instrumental in descriptive terms were emotional in terms of meaning; the reverse occurred very seldom. This effect was confined to "private" interactions (i.e. interactions involving family and friends), whereas instrumental behaviors of medical professionals were largely instrumental in meaning as well. Results underscore the importance of giving instrumental support in a way that communicates care and esteem.