Identification of methylation haplotype blocks aids in deconvolution of heterogeneous tissue samples and tumor tissue-of-origin mapping from plasma DNA

0301 basic medicine Genome Genome, Human Agricultural biotechnology 610 Chromosome Mapping High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing DNA Sequence Analysis, DNA Biological Sciences DNA Methylation Medical and Health Sciences Bioinformatics and computational biology Article 3. Good health 03 medical and health sciences Haplotypes Genetics Humans CpG Islands Sequence Analysis Cancer Human Developmental Biology
DOI: 10.1038/ng.3805 Publication Date: 2017-03-06T16:47:56Z
ABSTRACT
Adjacent CpG sites in mammalian genomes can be co-methylated owing to the processivity of methyltransferases or demethylases, yet discordant methylation patterns have also been observed, which are related to stochastic or uncoordinated molecular processes. We focused on a systematic search and investigation of regions in the full human genome that show highly coordinated methylation. We defined 147,888 blocks of tightly coupled CpG sites, called methylation haplotype blocks, after analysis of 61 whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data sets and validation with 101 reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing data sets and 637 methylation array data sets. Using a metric called methylation haplotype load, we performed tissue-specific methylation analysis at the block level. Subsets of informative blocks were further identified for deconvolution of heterogeneous samples. Finally, using methylation haplotypes we demonstrated quantitative estimation of tumor load and tissue-of-origin mapping in the circulating cell-free DNA of 59 patients with lung or colorectal cancer.
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