Tuning upconversion through energy migration in core–shell nanoparticles
Photons
Energy Transfer
Nanoparticles
Gadolinium
540
Lanthanoid Series Elements
01 natural sciences
7. Clean energy
620
0104 chemical sciences
DOI:
10.1038/nmat3149
Publication Date:
2011-10-23T18:46:06Z
AUTHORS (8)
ABSTRACT
Photon upconversion is promising for applications such as biological imaging, data storage or solar cells. Here, we have investigated upconversion processes in a broad range of gadolinium-based nanoparticles of varying composition. We show that by rational design of a core-shell structure with a set of lanthanide ions incorporated into separated layers at precisely defined concentrations, efficient upconversion emission can be realized through gadolinium sublattice-mediated energy migration for a wide range of lanthanide activators without long-lived intermediary energy states. Furthermore, the use of the core-shell structure allows the elimination of deleterious cross-relaxation. This effect enables fine-tuning of upconversion emission through trapping of the migrating energy by the activators. Indeed, the findings described here suggest a general approach to constructing a new class of luminescent materials with tunable upconversion emissions by controlled manipulation of energy transfer within a nanoscopic region.
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