A triple-RBD-based mucosal vaccine provides broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

• DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00929-3
• Publication Date: 2022-10-11T10:03:58Z
• Authors: Jingyi Yang; Mei-Qin Liu; Lin Liu; Xian Li; Mengxin Xu; Haofeng Lin; Shuning Liu; Yunqi Hu; Bei Li; Bowen Liu; Min Li; Ying Sun; Yao-Qing Chen; Zheng-Li Shi; Huimin Yan
• Keywords: 0301 basic medicine; COVID-19 Vaccines; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Antibodies, Viral; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Article; 3. Good health; Mice; 03 medical and health sciences; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; Animals; Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Administration, Intranasal

The rapid mutation and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants urge the development of effective mucosal vaccines to provide broad-spectrum protection against the initial infection and thereby curb the transmission potential. Here, we designed a chimeric triple-RBD immunogen, 3Ro-NC, harboring one Delta RBD and two Omicron RBDs within a novel protein scaffold. 3Ro-NC elicits potent and broad RBD-specific neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Notably, intranasal immunization with 3Ro-NC plus the mucosal adjuvant KFD (3Ro-NC + KFDi.n) elicits coordinated mucosal IgA and higher neutralizing antibody specificity (closer antigenic distance) against the Omicron variant. In Omicron-challenged human ACE2 transgenic mice, 3Ro-NC + KFDi.n immunization significantly reduces the tissue pathology in the lung and lowers the viral RNA copy numbers in both the lung (85.7-fold) and the nasal turbinate (13.6-fold). Nasal virologic control is highly correlated with RBD-specific secretory IgA antibodies. Our data show that 3Ro-NC plus KFD is a promising mucosal vaccine candidate for protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection, pathology and transmission potential.