Holocene hydroclimatic variability in the tropical Pacific explained by changing ENSO diversity

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34880-8
• Publication Date: 2022-11-25T21:32:02Z
• Authors: Christina Karampe...; Pedro N. DiNezio
• Keywords: Multivariate ENSO index

Abstract Understanding El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) response to past climate forcings is hindered by conflicting paleoclimate evidence. Records from the eastern Pacific show an intensification of ENSO variability early late Holocene, while records central highly variable throughout Holocene without obvious relation insolation forcing, which main driver during this interval. Here, we via model simulations that can be reconciled considering changes in relative frequency three preferred spatial patterns Niño events occur (Eastern Pacific, Central and Coastal) strength their hydroclimatic impacts. The relationship between diversity variance not only crucial for interpreting paleo-ENSO understanding external but also used across help evaluate realism projections a changing climate.