Interaction dynamics between innate and adaptive immune cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in non-human primates

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43420-x
• Publication Date: 2023-12-02T08:02:11Z
• Authors: Chaim A. Schramm; Damee Moon; Lowrey Peyton; Noemia S. Lima; Christian Wake; Kristin L. Boswell; Amy R. Henry; Farida Laboune; David Ambrozak; Samuel W. Darko; I-Ting Teng; Kathryn E. Foulds; Andrea Carfi; Darin K. Edwards; Peter D. Kwong; Richard A. Koup; Robert A. Seder; Daniel C. Douek
• Keywords: Innate lymphoid cell; CCL18

Abstract As SARS-CoV-2 variants continue evolving, testing updated vaccines in non-human primates remains important for guiding human clinical practice. To date, such studies have focused on antibody titers and antigen-specific B T cell frequencies. Here, we extend our understanding by integrating innate adaptive immune responses to mRNA-1273 vaccination rhesus macaques. We sorted cells from a pre-vaccine time point, as well peripheral two weeks after each of vaccine doses used single-cell sequencing assess the transcriptomes receptors cell. show that subset S-specific expresses cytokines critical activating responses, with concomitant increase CCR5-expressing intermediate monocytes shift natural killer more cytotoxic phenotype. The second dose, administered 4 first, elicits an circulating germinal center-like 2 later, which are clonally expanded enriched epitopes receptor binding domain. Both stimulate inflammatory response genes associated elevated production. Overall, provide comprehensive picture bidirectional signaling between components system suggest potential mechanisms enhanced secondary exposure.