Robust power management capabilities of integrated energy systems in the smart distribution network including linear and non-linear loads

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-89817-0
• Publication Date: 2025-02-24T13:17:09Z
• Authors: Kai Jin; Hamed Banizaman; Sina Samadi Ghare...; Mohammad Reza Jokar; Alireza Mohammadi...; Jianyong Yu; Hayder Oleiwi Shami
• Keywords: Flexible-renewable integrated energy system; Science; Power management; Q; Harmonic compensation; R; Medicine; Smart distribution network; Adaptive robust optimization; Multi-objective operation

Abstract This research presents the best power management of flexible-renewable integrated energy systems (FRIESs) with smart distribution networks (SDNs) by taking nonlinear load harmonic compensation into account. A deterministic model that optimizes for three distinct goals serves as the foundation for the proposed system. The goal is to minimize the combined impact of the network’s operational costs, energy losses, and voltage harmonic distortion, taking into account their respective weights. In the FRIES framework, the goal function serves as a constraint on the operation of flexible and renewable sources, as well as the AC optimum harmonic power flow model. The suggested design is first formulated using nonlinear programming, and it is then approximated to a linear model in order to quickly arrive at the one and only optimum solution to the issue by different solvers. Furthermore, there is inherent uncertainty in the design of this work about the output power of renewable sources, load demand, energy consumption of mobile storage devices, and energy costs. Adaptive robust optimization has been applied to develop solutions that effectively address these uncertainties. Ultimately, the results show that, even with the aforementioned uncertainties, the SDN operation is resilient up to a maximum prediction error of 45%. Furthermore, if the distribution substation power factor is maintained at or above 0.9, the worst-case implemented design may enhance the network’s energy losses, voltage profile, and harmonic status by 8.2%, 43.5%, and 51.2%, respectively, as compared to load flow studies.