Restoration of breathing after opioid overdose and spinal cord injury using temporal interference stimulation

• DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01604-x
• Publication Date: 2021-01-25T11:06:41Z
• Authors: Michael D. Sunshine; Antonino M. Cassarà; Esra Neufeld; Nir Grossman; Thomas H. Mareci; Kevin J. Otto; Edward S. Boyden; David D. Fuller
• Keywords: Diaphragm (acoustics)

Abstract Respiratory insufficiency is a leading cause of death due to drug overdose or neuromuscular disease. We hypothesized that stimulation paradigm using temporal interference (TI) could restore breathing in such conditions. Following opioid rats, two high frequency (5000 Hz and 5001 Hz), low amplitude waveforms delivered via intramuscular wires the neck immediately activated diaphragm restored ventilation phase with waveform offset (1 60 breaths/min). cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), TI dorsally placed epidural electrodes uni- bilaterally depending on current electrode position. In silico modeling indicated an interferential signal ventral predicted evoked response (left versus right diaphragm) current-ratio-based steering. conclude can activate motor neurons after SCI prevent fatal apnea during by restoring minimally invasive electrodes.