Deep dissection of the antiviral immune profile of patients with COVID-19

• DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02852-1
• Publication Date: 2021-12-16T17:05:43Z
• Authors: Djordje Atanackovic; Stephanie V. Avila; Forat Lutfi; Diego de Miguel-P...; Xiaoxuan Fan; Gabriela Sanchez-...; Erica Vander Mause; Jonathan Siglin; John Baddley; Heather D. Mannuel; Hanan Alkhaldi; Kim G. Hankey; Rena Lapidus; Michael Kleinberg; Joseph Rabin; Carl Shanholtz; Christian Rolfo; Aaron P. Rapoport; Saurabh Dahiya; Tim Luetkens
• Keywords: Humoral immunity

Abstract In light of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants potentially undermining humoral immunity, it is important to understand the fine specificity antiviral antibodies. We screened 20 COVID-19 patients for antibodies against 9 different SARS-CoV-2 proteins observing responses spike (S) proteins, receptor-binding domain (RBD), and nucleocapsid (N) protein which were IgG1 IgG3 subtypes. Importantly, mutations typically occur in B.1.351 “South African” variant, significantly reduced binding anti-RBD Nine critically ill considered high-risk (HR). These showed higher levels transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), lower CD4 + T expressing LAG-3 compared standard-risk (SR) patients. HR evidenced anti-S1/RBD IgG antibody an increased neutralizing activity. a large proportion S protein-specific glycosylation-dependent we identified number immunodominant linear epitopes within S1 N proteins. Findings derived from this study will not only help us identify most relevant component anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response but also enable design more meaningful immunomonitoring methods anti-COVID-19 vaccines.