Distinct immune responses in people living with HIV following SARS-CoV-2 recovery

• DOI: 10.1038/s43856-025-00839-1
• Publication Date: 2025-04-23T10:02:55Z
• Authors: Dieter Mielke; Shuying Sue Li; Daniel J. Schuster; Xiaohong Li; Jiani Hu; Shelly Karuna; Kelly E. Seaton; Caroline Brackett; Brooke Dunn; Taylor Keyes; Adam Zalaquett; Sherry Stanfield-...; Lu Zhang; Martina S. Wesley; Nathan Eisel; Nicole L. Yates; Xiaoying Shen; Lakshmanane Premk...; Russell St. Germain; Anton M. Sholukh; Kristen Cohen; Stephen de Rosa; April Kaur Randhawa; John A. Hural; Lawrence Corey; M. Julianna McElrath; Georgia D. Tomaras; Ollivier Hyrien; Guido Ferrari
• Keywords: Outpatient clinic; Humoral immunity; Pandemic; Coronavirus; Cellular immunity

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 infection results in greater disease severity among immunocompromised individuals compared to healthy individuals. However, there is conflicting information about the impact of chronic HIV on immune responses and vaccination. Method We used a combination machine learning approaches network analysis explore 56 markers comprehensively profile humoral cellular immunity cross-sectional observational cohort people without (PWOH; n = 216) living with (PLWH; 43) who recovered from (13–131 days since SARS-COV-2 diagnosis) early pandemic. Results PLWH symptomatic outpatient COVID-19 exhibit lower B cell vs. PWOH but, surprisingly, both hospitalized have higher anti-endemic coronavirus antibody counterparts asymptomatic PLWH. The latter observation suggests that this was not strictly due broadly elevated levels antibodies Moreover, correlation-based reveals while different compartments response are positively correlated COVID-19, these correlations weaker Conclusion Our analyses reveal significant differences coordinated elicited by PWOH.