Impact of dietary resistant starch type 4 on human gut microbiota and immunometabolic functions

• DOI: 10.1038/srep28797
• Publication Date: 2016-06-30T09:23:19Z
• Authors: Bijaya Upadhyaya; Lacey McCormack; Ali Reza Fardin-Kia; Robert Juenemann; Sailendra Nichena...; Jeffrey Clapper; Bonny Specker; Moul Dey
• Keywords: DNA, Bacterial; 16S; Volatile; 610; Article; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Feces; 03 medical and health sciences; Adipokines; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteroides; Humans; Ribosomal; Metabolic Syndrome; 2. Zero hunger; Principal Component Analysis; 0303 health sciences; Eubacterium; Fatty Acids; Bacterial; 600; Starch; DNA; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; 3. Good health; Case-Control Studies; RNA; Waist Circumference; Sequence Analysis

AbstractDietary modulation of the gut microbiota impacts human health. Here we investigated the hitherto unknown effects of resistant starch type 4 (RS4) enriched diet on gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in parallel with host immunometabolic functions in twenty individuals with signs of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Cholesterols, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and proinflammatory markers in the blood as well as waist circumference and % body fat were lower post intervention in the RS4 group compared with the control group. 16S-rRNA gene sequencing revealed a differential abundance of 71 bacterial operational taxonomic units, including the enrichment of three Bacteroides species and one each of Parabacteroides, Oscillospira, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium and Christensenella species in the RS4 group. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed higher faecal SCFAs, including butyrate, propionate, valerate, isovalerate and hexanoate after RS4-intake. Bivariate analyses showed RS4-specific associations of the gut microbiota with the host metabolic functions and SCFA levels. Here we show that dietary RS4 induced changes in the gut microbiota are linked to its biological activity in individuals with signs of MetS. These findings have potential implications for dietary guidelines in metabolic health management.