Mediterranean versus Red sea corals facing climate change, a transcriptome analysis

• DOI: 10.1038/srep42405
• Publication Date: 2017-02-09T10:27:22Z
• Authors: Keren Maor-Landaw; Hiba Waldman Ben-...; Sarit Karako-Lampert; Mali Salmon-Divon; Fiorella Prada; Erik Caroselli; Stefano Goffredo; Giuseppe Falini; Zvy Dubinsky; Oren Levy
• Keywords: 0301 basic medicine; Climate Change; Gene Expression Profiling; anthropogenic increase in atmospheric CO2; global warming; ocean acidification; corals; carbonate biomineralizers; transcriptome analysis; sub-tropical Red Sea coral; temperate Mediterranean symbiotic coral; gene expression profiles;; Computational Biology; Reproducibility of Results; Adherens Junctions; Anthozoa; Article; 03 medical and health sciences; Gene Ontology; 13. Climate action; Mediterranean Sea; Animals; 14. Life underwater; Transcriptome; Indian Ocean; Signal Transduction

AbstractThe anthropogenic increase in atmospheric CO2 that drives global warming and ocean acidification raises serious concerns regarding the future of corals, the main carbonate biomineralizers. Here we used transcriptome analysis to study the effect of long-term gradual temperature increase (annual rate), combined with lowered pH values, on a sub-tropical Red Sea coral, Stylophora pistillata, and on a temperate Mediterranean symbiotic coral Balanophyllia europaea. The gene expression profiles revealed a strong effect of both temperature increase and pH decrease implying for synergism response. The temperate coral, exposed to a twice as high range of seasonal temperature fluctuations than the Red Sea species, faced stress more effectively. The compensatory strategy for coping apparently involves deviating cellular resources into a massive up-regulation of genes in general, and specifically of genes involved in the generation of metabolic energy. Our results imply that sub-lethal, prolonged exposure to stress can stimulate evolutionary increase in stress resilience.