Second order optical nonlinearity of graphene due to electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole effects

• DOI: 10.1038/srep43843
• Publication Date: 2017-03-06T13:28:19Z
• Authors: J. L. Cheng; N. Vermeulen; J. E. Sipe
• Keywords: Condensed Matter - Materials Science; Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci); FOS: Physical sciences; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; 02 engineering and technology; 0210 nano-technology; Article; Physics - Optics; Optics (physics.optics)

AbstractWe present a practical scheme to separate the contributions of the electric quadrupole-like and the magnetic dipole-like effects to the forbidden second order optical nonlinear response of graphene, and give analytic expressions for the second order optical conductivities, calculated from the independent particle approximation, with relaxation described in a phenomenological way. We predict strong second order nonlinear effects, including second harmonic generation, photon drag, and difference frequency generation. We discuss in detail the controllability of these effects by tuning the chemical potential, taking advantage of the dominant role played by interband optical transitions in the response.