Annealing Induced Re-crystallization in CH3NH3PbI3−xClx for High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

• DOI: 10.1038/srep46724
• Publication Date: 2017-04-21T09:40:33Z
• Authors: Yingguo Yang; Shanglei Feng; Meng Li; Weidong Xu; Guangzhi Yin; Zhaokui Wang; Baoquan Sun; Xingyu Gao
• Keywords: Polystyrene sulfonate

Abstract Using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as hole conductor, a series of inverted planar CH 3 NH PbI 3−x Cl x perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated based on annealed by an improved time-temperature dependent (TTD) procedure in flowing nitrogen atmosphere for different time. Only after optimum annealing time, optimized power conversion efficiency 14.36% could be achieved. To understand their performance dependence situ real-time synchrotron-based grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) was used to monitor step-by-step gradual structure transformation from distinct mainly organic-inorganic hybrid materials into highly ordered crystal during annealing. However, re-crystallization process observed the first time such procedure, which helps enhance crystallization and preferential orientations. The present GIXRD findings well explain drops open circuit voltage (V oc ) fill factor (FF) ramping temperature achieved Thus, study not only illustrates clearly decisive roles post-annealing formation solution-processed better its mechanism, but also demonstrates crucial dependences device microstructure PSCs.