Phylogenetic analysis of paraneopteran orders (Insecta: Neoptera) based on forewing base structure, with comments on monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera)

• DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3113.2001.00133.x
• Publication Date: 2003-03-12T20:06:32Z
• Authors: Kazunori Yoshizawa; Toyohei Saigusa
• Keywords: Autapomorphy; Monophyly; Auchenorrhyncha

Summary Phylogenetic relationships among three paraneopteran clades (Psocodea, Hemiptera and Thysanoptera) were analysed based on the morphology of forewing base structure. Monophyly Paraneoptera was supported by nine autapomorphies, monophyly Condylognatha (= Thysanoptera + Hemiptera) two autapo‐ morphies, five autapomorphies one autapomorphy. Thus, (Psocodea (Thysanoptera Hemiptera)) proposed to be phylogenetic within Paraneoptera. A homoplastic similarity third axillary sclerite observed between Heteroptera, a possible evolutionary factor providing this homoplasy discussed. The present analysis also suggested monophyletic Auchenorrhyncha, reduction proximal median plate considered as an autapomorphy clade.