Multi‐predator effects across life‐history stages: non‐additivity of egg‐ and larval‐stage predation in an African treefrog

• DOI: 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00470.x
• Publication Date: 2003-05-08T10:38:37Z
• Authors: James R. Vonesh; Craig W. Osenberg
• Keywords: Arboreal locomotion

Abstract The effects of multiple predators on their prey are frequently non‐additive because interactions among predators. When shift habitats through ontogeny, many cannot interact directly. However, that occur in different or feed stages may still indirect mediated by traits and density. We conducted an experiment to evaluate the combined arboreal egg‐stage aquatic larval‐stage African treefrog, Hyperolius spinigularis . Egg larval predator were – more survived both than predicted from independent effects. Egg‐stage density size age at hatching reduced effectiveness 70%. Our results indicate density‐ trait‐mediated can act across life‐stages habitats, resulting multi‐predator