What a Neurosurgeon Should Know about the Endolymphatic Sac: Part 1–Anatomy and Physiology

• DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760210
• Publication Date: 2023-10-09T23:25:36Z
• Authors: Marco Antônio Sch...; Jander Monteiro; Francisco Luiz So...; Joel Lavinsky; Giuseppe Casella ...; Lia Grub Becker; Marcelo Assis Mor...; Carmen Austrália ...; Ricardo Marques L...; Eberval Gadelha F...; Gustavo Rassier I...
• Keywords: Endolymphatic sac; Membranous labyrinth

Abstract Objective To describe the microsurgical anatomy and physiology of endolymphatic sac (ES) that a neurosurgeon should know. Methods Review previous studies from 1927 to 2021, basic translational research using human animal ES tissue or cells, as well reviews about subject. The present article is divided into three parts. In this first part, we review ES. Results structure situated in inner ear, together with cochlea, vestibular system, other structures. Differently its adjacent structures, does not have specialized epithelium; instead, it has mitochondria-rich cells ribosomal-rich which are responsible for ionic transportation secretory activity. Apart these functions, also homeostasis regulation fluid volume control, immune response, elimination ear cellular debris floating otoconia, membranous labyrinth pressure, acid/basic transport, secretion substances. Its very variable, since most no more than 20mm separates location samples, any direction. Conclusion vital functions rarely variable. Knowing that, importance area neurosurgery, study elucidates exact lost lesion must cause.