Sister grouping of chimpanzees and humans as revealed by genome-wide phylogenetic analysis of brain gene expression profiles

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0308725100
• Publication Date: 2004-03-03T02:33:11Z
• Authors: Monica Uddin; Derek E. Wildman; Guozhen Liu; Wenbo Xu; Robert M. Johnson; Patrick R. Hof; Gregory Kapatos; Lawrence I. Grossman; Morris Goodman
• Keywords: Gorilla; Human brain; Rhesus macaque

Gene expression profiles from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of human, chimpanzee, gorilla, and macaque samples provide clues about genetic regulatory changes in human other catarrhine primate brains. The ACC, a cerebral neocortical region, has human-specific histological features. Physiologically, an individual's ACC displays increased activity during that performance cognitive tasks. Of ≈45,000 probe sets on microarray chips representing transcripts all or most genes, ≈16,000 were commonly detected comparable numbers, 14,000–15,000, gorilla chimpanzee samples. Phylogenetic results obtained gene contradict traditional expectation non-human African apes (i.e., gorilla) should be more like each than either humans. Instead, are gorilla; these demonstrate chimpanzees sister group Moreover, for those unambiguous mapping to important biological processes molecular functions statistically significantly represented data, clade shows at least as much apparent evolution does clade. Among ancestry both humans chimpanzees, but greater extent humans, up-regulated aerobic energy metabolism genes neuronal function-related suggesting required supplies energy.