Arabidopsis lipins mediate eukaryotic pathway of lipid metabolism and cope critically with phosphate starvation
0301 basic medicine
2. Zero hunger
570
Arabidopsis Proteins
Galactolipids
Phosphatidic acid phosphatase
590
Arabidopsis
Phosphatidate Phosphatase
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Genes, Plant
Lipid Metabolism
Models, Biological
Phosphates
Membrane Lipids
03 medical and health sciences
Phenotype
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Phosphatidic acid
Mutation
Signal Transduction
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.0907173106
Publication Date:
2009-11-19T03:19:24Z
AUTHORS (7)
ABSTRACT
Phosphate is an essential nutrient for plant viability. It is well-established that phosphate starvation triggers membrane lipid remodeling, a process that converts significant portion of phospholipids to non-phosphorus-containing galactolipids. This remodeling is mediated by either phospholipase C (PLC) or phospholipase D (PLD) in combination with phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP). Two PLC genes,
NPC4
and
NPC5
, and PLD genes,
PLD
ζ
1
and
PLD
ζ
2
, are shown to be involved in the remodeling. However, gene knockout studies show that none of them plays decisive roles in the remodeling. Thus, although this phenomenon is widely observed among plants, the key enzyme(s) responsible for the lipid remodeling in a whole plant body is unknown; therefore, the physiological significance of this conversion process has remained to be elucidated. We herein focused on PAP as a key enzyme for this adaptation, and identified
Arabidopsis lipin
homologs,
AtPAH1
and
AtPAH2
, that encode the PAPs involved in galactolipid biosynthesis. Double mutant
pah1pah2
plants had decreased phosphatidic acid hydrolysis, thus affecting the eukaryotic pathway of galactolipid synthesis. Upon phosphate starvation,
pah1pah2
plants were severely impaired in growth and membrane lipid remodeling. These results indicate that PAH1 and PAH2 are the PAP responsible for the eukaryotic pathway of galactolipid synthesis, and the membrane lipid remodeling mediated by these two enzymes is an essential adaptation mechanism to cope with phosphate starvation.
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