Evidence from Cameroon reveals differences in the genetic structure and histories of chimpanzee populations
0301 basic medicine
Pan troglodytes
MICROSATELLITE
590
610
STRUCTURE DE POPULATION
microsatellites
03 medical and health sciences
chimpanzees
Gene Frequency
Animals
PHYLOGENIE
Cameroon
Alleles
Ecosystem
Phylogeny
[SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]
SIDA
population biology
15. Life on land
phylogenetics
Phylogeography
STRUCTURE GENETIQUE
Genetics, Population
[SDV.GEN.GPO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE]
PRIMATE
DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1015422108
Publication Date:
2011-03-02T03:35:37Z
AUTHORS (8)
ABSTRACT
The history of the genusPanis a topic of enduring interest. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are often divided into subspecies, but the population structure and genetic history of chimpanzees across Africa remain unclear. Some population genetics studies have led to speculation that, until recently, this species constituted a single population with ongoing gene flow across its range, which resulted in a continuous gradient of allele frequencies. Chimpanzees, designated here asP. t. ellioti, occupy the Gulf of Guinea region that spans southern Nigeria and western Cameroon at the center of the distribution of this species. Remarkably, few studies have included individuals from this region, hindering the examination of chimpanzee population structure across Africa. Here, we analyzed microsatellite genotypes of 94 chimpanzees, including 32 designated asP. t. ellioti. We find that chimpanzees fall into three major populations: (i) Upper Guinea in western Africa (P. t. verus); (ii) the Gulf of Guinea region (P. t. ellioti); and (iii) equatorial Africa (P. t. troglodytesandP. t. schweinfurthii). Importantly, the Gulf of Guinea population is significantly different genetically from the others, sharing a last common ancestor with the populations in Upper Guinea ~0.46 million years ago (mya) and equatorial Africa ~0.32 mya. Equatorial chimpanzees are subdivided into up to three populations occupying southern Cameroon, central Africa, and eastern Africa, which may have constituted a single population until ~0.10–0.11 mya. Finally, occasional hybridization may be occurring between the Gulf of Guinea and southern Cameroon populations.
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