Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901169116
• Publication Date: 2019-08-13T00:25:30Z
• Authors: Laurent A. F. Frantz; James Haile; Audrey T. Lin; Amelie Scheu; Christina Geörg; Norbert Benecke; Michelle Alexander; Anna Linderholm; Victoria E. Mullin; Kevin G. Daly; Vincent M. Battista; Max Price; Kurt J. Gron; Panoraia Alexandri; Rose-Marie Arbogast; Benjamin Arbuckle; Adrian Bӑlӑşescu; Ross Barnett; László Bartosiewicz; Gennady Baryshnikov; Clive Bonsall; Dušan Borić; Adina Boroneanţ; Jelena Bulatović; Canan Çakirlar; José-Miguel Carre...; John Chapman; Mike Church; Richard Crooijmans; Bea De Cupere; Cleia Detry; Vesna Dimitrijevic; Valentin Dumitraşcu; Louis du Plessis; Ceiridwen J. Edwards; Cevdet Merih Erek; Aslı Erim-Özdoğan; Anton Ervynck; Domenico Fulgione; Mihai Gligor; Anders Götherström; Lionel Gourichon; Martien A.M. Groenen; Daniel Helmer; Hitomi Hongo; Liora K. Horwitz; Evan K. Irving-Pease; Ophélie Lebrasseur; Joséphine Lesur; Caroline Malone; Ninna Manaseryan; Arkadiusz Marciniak; Holley Martlew; Marjan Mashkour; Roger Matthews; Giedre Motuzaite ...; Sepideh Maziar; Erik Meijaard; Tom McGovern; Hendrik-Jan Megens; Rebecca Miller; Azadeh Fatemeh Mo...; Jörg Orschiedt; David Orton; Anastasia Papatha...; Mike Parker Pearson; Ron Pinhasi; Darko Radmanović; François-Xavier R...; Mike Richards; Richard Sabin; Lucia Sarti; Wolfram Schier; Shiva Sheikhi; Elisabeth Stephan; John R. Stewart; Simon Stoddart; Antonio Tagliacozzo; Nenad Tasić; Katerina Trantalidou; Anne Tresset; Cristina Valdiosera; Youri van den Hurk; Sophie Van Poucke; Jean-Denis Vigne; Alexander Yanevich; Andrea Zeeb-Lanz; Alexandros Triant...; M. Thomas P. Gilbert; Jörg Schibler; Peter Rowley-Conwy; Melinda Zeder; Joris Peters; Thomas Cucchi; Daniel G. Bradley; Keith Dobney; Joachim Burger; Allowen Evin; Linus Girdland-Flink; Greger Larson
• Keywords: Ancient DNA; Gene pool; Coat; mtDNA control region; Wild boar

Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests pigs arrived Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 BP. A few thousand years after introduction of Eastern into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared was replaced haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for substantial gene flow from local boars, although it is also possible boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained sequences 2,099 modern ancient samples 63 nuclear genomes pigs. Our analyses revealed domestic dating 7,100 to 6,000 BP possessed both ancestry, while later no more than 4% indicating resulted a near-complete disappearance East ancestry. In addition, demonstrate variant at locus encoding black coat color likely originated persisted Altogether, our results indicate not vast majority human-mediated selection over past 5,000 focused on genomic fraction derived selected early Neolithic first 2,500 process.