Mechanistic model for booster doses effectiveness in healthy, cancer, and immunosuppressed patients infected with SARS-CoV-2

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211132120
• Publication Date: 2023-01-09T20:21:56Z
• Authors: Chrysovalantis Vo...; C. Corey Hardin; Vivek Naranbhai; Mohammad R. Nikma...; Melin J. Khandekar; Justin F. Gainor; Triantafyllos Sty...; Lance L. Munn; Rakesh K. Jain
• Keywords: Immunosuppression; Booster (rocketry); Vaccine efficacy

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are effective at limiting disease severity, but effectiveness is lower among patients with cancer or immunosuppression. Effectiveness wanes time and varies by vaccine type. Moreover, previously prescribed were based on the ancestral spike-protein that emerging variants may evade. Here, we describe a mechanistic mathematical model for vaccination-induced immunity. We validate it available clinical data use to simulate of against viral antigenicity, increased virulence, enhanced cell binding various platforms. The analysis includes omicron variant as well hypothetical future even greater immune evasion vaccine-induced antibodies addresses potential benefits new bivalent vaccines. further account concurrent underlying confirms immunogenicity following booster vaccination in immunosuppressed predicts ongoing requirements these individuals maintain protection. studied impact function interval between multiple doses. Our suggests possible strategies vaccinations tailored high-risk groups.