Improved somatic embryogenesis from Cocos nucifera (L.) plumule explants

0106 biological sciences 0301 basic medicine F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement plumule 01 natural sciences 630 histologie développement biologique 03 medical and health sciences Embryogénèse somatique http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_330909 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8177 Cocos nucifera anatomie végétale coconut http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27520 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1716 explant secondary somatic embryogenesis http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_921 F02 - Multiplication végétative des plantes http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6029 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5954 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36911 multiplication végétative callus multiplication
DOI: 10.1079/ivp2005722 Publication Date: 2006-02-16T21:46:34Z
ABSTRACT
Coconut is one of the most recalcitrant species to regenerate in vitro. Although previous research efforts using plumule explants have resulted in reproducible somatic embryogenesis, efficiency is only 4 or 10 somatic embryos per plumule without or with a brassinolide treatment, respectively. In order to increase the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis in coconut, two different approaches were evaluated and reported here: secondary somatic embryogenesis and multiplication of embryogenic callus. Primary somatic embryos obtained from plumule explants were used as explants and formed both embryogenic callus and secondary somatic embryos. The embrogenic calluses obtained after three multiplication cycles were capable of producing somatic embryos. The efficiency of the system was evaluated in a stepwise process beginning with an initial step for inducing primary somatic embryogenesis followed by three steps for inducing secondary somatic embryogenesis followed by three steps for embryogenenis callus multiplication, and finally production of somatic embryos from callus. The total calculated yield from one plumule was 98 000 somatic embryos. Comparing this to the yield obtained from primary somatic embryogenesis results in about a 50 000-fold increase. When compared to the yield previously reported in the literature with the use of a brassinolide treatment, it is about a 10 000-fold increase in yield. The present protocol represents important progress in improvement in the efficiency of coconut somatic embryo production.
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