Stability and bifurcation analysis of a phytoplankton-zooplankton-fish model involving fear in zooplankton species and fish harvesting

• DOI: 10.1080/02286203.2022.2118020
• Publication Date: 2022-09-07T10:30:25Z
• Authors: Prabir Panja; Tridib Kar; Dipak Kumar Jana
• Keywords: 0103 physical sciences; 01 natural sciences

In this paper, a predator–prey model that takes into account the interactions between three species of fish, zooplankton, and phytoplankton has been developed. The logistic growth considered in absence zooplankton. It is assumed zooplankton eats phytoplankton. rate decreases due to fear fish. release toxins by fish consumption are two further factors decrease harvesting also study. Local global stability system around equilibrium points investigated. existence condition oscillatory behaviour studied through Hopf bifurcation. found increasing minimum cost η may stabilize system. obtained increase toxin substance ρ be responsible for become unstable level ξ Some numerical simulation results presented test theoretical findings.