2D Versus 3D Visualization: Impact on Laparoscopic Proficiency Using the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery Skill Set

• DOI: 10.1089/lap.2012.0220
• Publication Date: 2012-10-16T13:08:50Z
• Authors: Youssef S. Tanagho; Gerald L. Andriole; Alethea G. Paradis; Kerry M. Madison; Gurdarshan S. Sandhu; J. Esteban Varela; Brian M. Benway
• Keywords: Knot tying; Modalities

We compared the impact of two-dimensional (2D) versus three-dimensional (3D) visualization on both objective and subjective measures laparoscopic performance using validated Fundamentals Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) skill set.Thirty-three individuals with varying experience completed three essential drills from FLS set (peg transfer, pattern cutting, suturing/knot tying) in 2D 3D. Participants were randomized to begin all tasks either or Time completion number attempts required achieve proficiency measured for each task. Errors also noted. questionnaires evaluating their experiences visual modalities.Across tasks, greater speed was achieved 3D 2D: peg 183.4 245.6 seconds (P<.0001); 167.7 209.3 (P=.004); tying, 255.2 329.5 (P=.031). Fewer errors committed transfer task (P=.008). Fourteen participants multiple one more 2D, 7 Subjective efficiency accuracy favored visualization. The advantage vision persisted independent participants' level technical expertise (novice intermediate/expert). There no differences reported side effects between two modalities. Overall, 87.9% preferred visualization.Three-dimensional appears greatly enhance based measures. In our experience, produced eye strain, headaches, other than overwhelmingly