WRN Is Required for ATM Activation and the S-Phase Checkpoint in Response to Interstrand Cross-Link–Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks
0301 basic medicine
0303 health sciences
Time Factors
RecQ Helicases
Morpholines
Ficusin
Cell Cycle Proteins
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
DNA
Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
S Phase
3. Good health
DNA-Binding Proteins
03 medical and health sciences
Cross-Linking Reagents
Exodeoxyribonucleases
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Pyrones
Cell Line, Tumor
Humans
DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
RNA Interference
Enzyme Inhibitors
DNA Damage
DOI:
10.1091/mbc.e07-07-0698
Publication Date:
2008-07-03T01:22:28Z
AUTHORS (8)
ABSTRACT
Werner syndrome (WS) is a human genetic disorder characterized by extensive clinical features of premature aging. Ataxia-telengiectasia (A-T) is a multisystem human genomic instability syndrome that includes premature aging in some of the patients. WRN and ATM, the proteins defective in WS and A-T, respectively, play significant roles in the maintenance of genomic stability and are involved in several DNA metabolic pathways. A role for WRN in DNA repair has been proposed; however, this study provides evidence that WRN is also involved in ATM pathway activation and in a S-phase checkpoint in cells exposed to DNA interstrand cross-link–induced double-strand breaks. Depletion of WRN in such cells by RNA interference results in an intra-S checkpoint defect, and interferes with activation of ATM as well as downstream phosphorylation of ATM target proteins. Treatment of cells under replication stress with the ATM kinase inhibitor KU 55933 results in a S-phase checkpoint defect similar to that observed in WRN shRNA cells. Moreover, γH2AX levels are higher in WRN shRNA cells than in control cells 6 and 16 h after exposure to psoralen DNA cross-links. These results suggest that WRN and ATM participate in a replication checkpoint response, in which WRN facilitates ATM activation in cells with psoralen DNA cross-link–induced collapsed replication forks.
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