Maize dispersal patterns associated with different types of endosperm and migration of indigenous groups in lowland South America

• DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac049
• Publication Date: 2022-04-07T20:34:25Z
• Authors: Flaviane Malaquia...; Natalia Carolina ...; Rafael Vidal; Charles Roland Cl...; Fabio de Oliveira...; Alessandro Alves-...; César Daniel Petroli; Maria Imaculada Z...; Elizabeth Ann Veasey
• Keywords: 2. Zero hunger; Genetic Variation; Humans; 0601 history and archaeology; 06 humanities and the arts; South America; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Zea mays; Brazil; Endosperm

The lowlands of South America appear to be remarkably important in the evolutionary history maize, due new evidence that suggests maize dispersed from Mexico and arrived this region a state partial domestication. This study aimed identify dispersal patterns genetic diversity part continent.A total 170 accessions were characterized with 4398 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysed determine if was associated types endosperm indigenous language families.Four groups identified discriminant analysis principal components five cluster (neighbour-joining method). structured according predominance (popcorn, floury, flint/semi-flint). Spatial component variation different for each type can hypotheses expansions groups.From possible origin Southwestern Amazonia, routes emerged: (1) towards Northern which continued Caatinga south-eastern Atlantic Forest (Floury); (2) Southern Brazil, passing through Cerrado reaching Pampa (3) along Coast, following Tupi movements originating two separate expansions: one (Tupinamba) north south, other (Guarani) opposite direction, south (flint, floury popcorn).