Childhood overweight and obesity and timing of puberty in boys and girls: cohort and sibling-matched analyses

Male obesity puberty Pediatric Obesity Time Factors Epidemiology Denmark paediatric obesity body mass index Cohort Studies 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Clinical Research 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors Humans Obesity Aetiology Child Metabolic and endocrine Nutrition Pediatric 2. Zero hunger adiposity Prevention menarche Siblings Statistics Puberty 3. Good health Public Health and Health Services Female
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa056 Publication Date: 2020-03-24T20:09:35Z
ABSTRACT
AbstractBackgroundEarly puberty is a risk indicator for adult diseases. Identification of modifiable causes of earlier puberty is, therefore, warranted. We estimate the association between childhood body mass index (BMI) and pubertal timing in a cohort study and in a sibling-matched study to adjust for unobserved time-stable confounders shared within families.MethodsFor the cohort study, 11 046 of 22 439 (49%) invited children, born 2000–203, from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) had information on childhood BMI at 7 years and self-reported, half-yearly puberty information from 11 years on Tanner stages, menarche, voice break, first ejaculation, acne, and axillary hair. For the sibling-matched study, 1700 brothers and sisters were included among 86 820 live-born singletons from the DNBC.ResultsChildhood overweight (85th ≤ BMI < 95th percentile) and obesity (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) were associated with earlier age attaining the pubertal milestones in a dose-dependent manner in boys and girls. When modelling all pubertal milestones simultaneously, the pubertal milestones were attained earlier in: overweight boys: −3.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): −4.5, −1.7] months, overweight girls: −5.5 (95% CI: −7.1, −3.9) months, obese boys: −3.5 (95% CI: −5.1, −2.0) months, obese girls: −5.2 (95% CI: −7.1, −3.4) months compared with normal weight (BMI  < 85th percentile) children. In the sibling-matched study, higher BMI was associated with earlier age at attaining most pubertal milestones in girls, but only a tendency toward earlier pubertal timing was observed in boys.ConclusionsChildhood overweight and obesity were associated with earlier pubertal timing even after adjustment for unobserved time-stable confounders shared within families.
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