Species Delimitation, Phylogenomics, and Biogeography of Sulawesi Flying Lizards: A Diversification History Complicated by Ancient Hybridization, Cryptic Species, and Arrested Speciation

• DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syad020
• Publication Date: 2023-04-19T15:58:00Z
• Authors: Jimmy A Mcguire; Xiaoting Huang; Sean B Reilly; Djoko T Iskandar; Cynthia Y Wang-Cl...; Sarah Werning; Rebecca A Chong; Shobi Z S Lawalata; Alexander L Stubbs; Jeffrey H Frederick; Rafe M Brown; Ben J Evans; Umilaela Arifin; Awal Riyanto; Amir Hamidy; Evy Arida; Michelle S Koo; Jatna Supriatna; Noviar Andayani; Robert Hall
• Keywords: Species complex; Endemism; Lineage (genetic)

Abstract The biota of Sulawesi is noted for its high degree endemism and substantial levels in situ biological diversification. While the island’s long period isolation dynamic tectonic history have been implicated as drivers regional diversification, this has rarely tested context an explicit geological framework. Here, we provide a tectonically informed biogeographical framework that use to explore diversification flying lizards (the Draco lineatus Group), radiation endemic surrounding islands. We employ inferring cryptic speciation involves phylogeographic genetic clustering analyses means identifying potential species followed by population demographic assessment divergence-timing rates bi-directional migration confirming lineage independence (and thus status). Using approach, phylogenetic mitochondrial sequence data obtained 613 samples, 50-SNP set 370 1249-locus exon-capture 106 samples indicate current taxonomy substantially understates true number species, both arrested speciations taken place, ancient hybridization confounds do not explicitly account reticulation. Group appears comprise 15 species—9 on proper 6 peripheral common ancestor group colonized ~11 Ma when proto-Sulawesi was likely composed two ancestral islands, began radiate ~6 new islands formed were via overwater dispersal. enlargement amalgamation many these proto-islands into modern Sulawesi, especially during past 3 Ma, motion interactions once-isolated lineages came secondary contact, some which resulted merger, others surviving present. [Genomics; Indonesia; introgression; mitochondria; phylogenetics; phylogeography; genetics; reptiles.]