Elucidating the phylodynamics of endemic rabies virus in eastern Africa using whole-genome sequencing

• DOI: 10.1093/ve/vev011
• Publication Date: 2015-09-12T00:14:40Z
• Authors: Kirstyn Brunker; Denise A Marston; Daniel L Horton; Sarah Cleaveland; Anthony R Fooks; Rudovick Kazwala; Chanasa Ngeleja; Tiziana Lembo; Maganga Sambo; Zacharia J Mtema; Lwitiko Sikana; Gavin Wilkie; Roman Biek; Katie Hampson
• Keywords: Viral phylodynamics; Lyssavirus

Many of the pathogens perceived to pose greatest risk humans are viral zoonoses, responsible for a range emerging and endemic infectious diseases. Phylogeography is useful tool understand processes that give rise spatial patterns drive dynamics in virus populations. Increasingly, whole-genome information being used uncover these patterns, but limits phylogenetic resolution can be achieved with this unclear. Here, variation was fine-scale population structure canine rabies circulating Tanzania. This first study comprehensive analysis East Africa, providing important insights into transmission an system. In addition, sub-continental scale were identified using partial gene data determine at larger scales Africa. While has defined large scales, increasingly frequent levels admixture observed regional local levels. Discrete phylogeographic revealed long-distance dispersal within Tanzania, which could attributed human-mediated movement, we found evidence multiple persistent, co-circulating lineages very single district, despite on-going mass dog vaccination campaigns. may reflect wider circulation over several decades alongside increased due introductions. These indicate successful control Tanzania established national level, since most appears restricted confines country borders some coordination neighbouring countries required limit transboundary movements. Evidence complex necessitates use sequencing delineate finer guide interventions, such as design campaigns movement controls achieve maintain freedom from disease.