Germination Stimulants of Phelipanche ramosa in the Rhizosphere of Brassica napus Are Derived from the Glucosinolate Pathway

• DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-12-0006-r
• Publication Date: 2012-03-14T12:21:37Z
• Authors: Bathilde Auger; Jean-Bernard Pouv...; Karinne Pouponneau; Kaori Yoneyama; Grégory Montiel; Bruno Le Bizec; Koichi Yoneyama; Philippe Delavault; Régine Delourme; Philippe Simier
• Keywords: 0301 basic medicine; [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]; [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry; STRIGOLACTONES; Arabidopsis; Plant Weeds; Plant Roots; ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; Lactones; Isothiocyanates; [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology; [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics; QR1-502; [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]; Rhizosphere; Seeds; OROBANCHE; Plant Exudates; Glucosinolates; Germination; Microbiology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; [SDV.BV.BOT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics; Dioxygenases; Host-Parasite Interactions; Structure-Activity Relationship; 03 medical and health sciences; Orobanchaceae; [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology; [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology; [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology; Molecular Biology; [SDV.BV.PEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy; MYROSINASE ACTIVITY; 580; Arabidopsis Proteins; Brassica napus; Botany; SESQUITERPENE LACTONES; SEED-GERMINATION; BROOMRAPE; [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS; [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology; QK1-989; Mutation; ROOT PARASITIC PLANTS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology

Phelipanche ramosa is a major parasitic weed of Brassica napus. The first step in a host-parasitic plant interaction is stimulation of parasite seed germination by compounds released from host roots. However, germination stimulants produced by B. napus have not been identified yet. In this study, we characterized the germination stimulants that accumulate in B. napus roots and are released into the rhizosphere. Eight glucosinolate-breakdown products were identified and quantified in B. napus roots by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Two (3-phenylpropanenitrile and 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate [2-PEITC]) were identified in the B. napus rhizosphere. Among glucosinolate-breakdown products, P. ramosa germination was strongly and specifically triggered by isothiocyanates, indicating that 2-PEITC, in particular, plays a key role in the B. napus–P. ramosa interaction. Known strigolactones were not detected by ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and seed of Phelipanche and Orobanche spp. that respond to strigolactones but not to isothiocyanates did not germinate in the rhizosphere of B. napus. Furthermore, both wild-type and strigolactone biosynthesis mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana Atccd7 and Atccd8 induced similar levels of P. ramosa seed germination, suggesting that compounds other than strigolactone function as germination stimulants for P. ramosa in other Brassicaceae spp. Our results open perspectives on the high adaptation potential of root-parasitic plants under host-driven selection pressures.