Cumulative Childhood Stress and Autoimmune Diseases in Adults
Adult
Inflammation
Male
Domestic Violence
Lymphokines
Middle Aged
California
Autoimmune Diseases
3. Good health
Cohort Studies
Hospitalization
Myocarditis
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Divorce
Rheumatic Diseases
Adult Children
Humans
Female
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Child Abuse
Disease Susceptibility
Child
DOI:
10.1097/psy.0b013e3181907888
Publication Date:
2009-02-03T02:32:37Z
AUTHORS (6)
ABSTRACT
Objective: To examine whether childhood traumatic stress increased the risk of developing autoimmune diseases as an adult. Methods: Retrospective cohort study 15,357 adult health maintenance organization members enrolled in Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Study from 1995 to 1997 San Diego, California, and eligible for follow-up through 2005. ACEs included physical, emotional, or sexual abuse; witnessing domestic violence; growing up with household substance abuse, mental illness, parental divorce, and/or incarcerated member. The total number (ACE Score range = 0-8) was used a measure cumulative stress. outcome hospitalizations any 21 selected 4 immunopathology groupings: T- helper 1 (Th1) (e.g., idiopathic myocarditis); T-helper 2 (Th2) myasthenia gravis); Th2 rheumatic rheumatoid arthritis); mixed Th1/Th2 hemolytic anemia). Results: Sixty-four percent reported at least one ACE. event rate (per 10,000 person-years) first hospitalization disease 31.4 women 34.4 men. First increasing (p < .05). Compared persons no ACEs, ≥2 were 70% Th1, 80% Th2, 100% Conclusions: likelihood diagnosed decades into adulthood. These findings are consistent recent biological studies on impact early life subsequent inflammatory responses. ACE adverse experience; AD disease; Th1 1; 2; CRP C-reactive protein; CRH corticoid releasing hormone.
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