<xhtml:span xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">Beneath the Surface: &#160;A Case Report on Nonencapsulated <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>-Associated Invasive Disease in an Immunocompromised Patient. </xhtml:span>

• DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000743.v2
• Publication Date: 2024-01-24T13:29:01Z
• Authors: Jonathan Cristian...; Nahuel Sanchez El...; Paula Gagetti; Celeste Martinez; Pedersen Dina; María Moscoloni; Adrian Lewis; Claudia Lara; Alejandra Corso

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae, a prominent human pathogen linked to various systemic diseases, includes non-typeable pneumococci marked by the absence of detectable capsule. However, majority invasive infections are attributed encapsulated strains. This case report details first documented instance disease caused S. pneumoniae in Argentina since 2017. Case Presentation: A 19-year-old woman presented with hemorrhagic injuries chronic oral mucosa irritation. Subsequent hospitalization revealed bone marrow aplasia. Two weeks later, she was readmitted sepsis related respiratory focus. After ten days, ICU admission additional infections: positive COVID-PCR test, fungal sinusitis, and bacteremia. Targeted treatments led improvement, patient subsequently discharged. Characterization: Verification capsule's utilized traditional methods such as Quellung reaction, transmission electron microscopy, molecular assays, Whole Genome Sequencing. The isolate, identified ST18335, displayed genetic features antibiotic resistance patterns, concordant between WGS agar dilution method. It demonstrated non-susceptibility penicillin cefotaxime, based on meningitis breakpoints, well meropenem cotrimoxazole. Conclusion: underscores clinical significance emphasizing necessity for comprehensive approach identification characterization. findings contribute ongoing discussions regarding challenges posed strains vaccine development, understanding impacts, addressing resistance. serves valuable addition evolving knowledge surrounding highlighting continued need surveillance research infectious diseases.