Introduction and adaptation of an emerging pathogen to olive trees in Italy
0301 basic medicine
adaptation
highest posterior density
Xylella
630
olive quick decline syndrome
environment/Symbiosis
emerging pathogen. Abbreviations: APL
2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment
emerging pathogen
Aetiology
Research Articles
Phylogeny
[INFO.INFO-BI] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM]
Xylella fastidiosa
2. Zero hunger
0303 health sciences
Genome
Apulia
Bacterial
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Adaptation, Physiological
3. Good health
ST53
population genomics, adaptation, Olive Quick Decline Syndrome
Phylogeography
Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS)
Italy
HPD
Infection
570
Physiological
Olive Quick Decline Syndrome
Microbiology
OQDS
03 medical and health sciences
Olea
Genetics
X. fastidiosa
Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS)
Adaptation
Plant Diseases
outbreak
Whole Genome Sequencing
Human Genome
Central America
[SDV.EE.IEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
15. Life on land
sequence type 53
[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology
Emerging Infectious Diseases
Good Health and Well Being
13. Climate action
adaption
[SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology
[INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM]
[SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology
Genome, Bacterial
DOI:
10.1099/mgen.0.000735
Publication Date:
2021-12-14T15:17:29Z
AUTHORS (10)
ABSTRACT
The invasive plant pathogen
Xylella fastidiosa
currently threatens European flora through the loss of economically and culturally important host plants. This emerging vector-borne bacterium, native to the Americas, causes several important diseases in a wide range of plants including crops, ornamentals, and trees. Previously absent from Europe, and considered a quarantine pathogen,
X. fastidiosa
was first detected in Apulia, Italy in 2013 associated with a devastating disease of olive trees (Olive Quick Decline Syndrome, OQDS). OQDS has led to significant economic, environmental, cultural, as well as political crises. Although the biology of
X. fastidiosa
diseases have been studied for over a century, there is still no information on the determinants of specificity between bacterial genotypes and host plant species, which is particularly relevant today as
X. fastidiosa
is expanding in the naive European landscape. We analysed the genomes of 79
X
.
fastidiosa
samples from diseased olive trees across the affected area in Italy as well as genomes of the most genetically closely related strains from Central America. We provided insights into the ecological and evolutionary emergence of this pathogen in Italy. We first showed that the outbreak in Apulia is due to a single introduction from Central America that we estimated to have occurred in 2008 [95 % HPD: 1930–2016]. By using a combination of population genomic approaches and evolutionary genomics methods, we further identified a short list of genes that could play a major role in the adaptation of
X. fastidiosa
to this new environment. We finally provided experimental evidence for the adaptation of the strain to this new environment.
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