Effects of COVID-19 on the provision of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) services in health care facilities in the Far-North Region of Cameroon

• DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.02.24302188
• Publication Date: 2024-02-04T08:25:19Z
• Authors: Carole Debora Nou...; Giequel Corniche ...; Donato Koyalta; Chanceline Biloun...; Florent Kamkumo O...; Bertin Nono; Marie Nicole Ngou...; Jigna Morarji Dharod; Catherine Juillard; Alain Chichom-Mefire; Georges Nguefack-...
• Keywords: Economics; Social Sciences; Environmental engineering; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Environmental science; Health Sciences; Pathology; Business; Disease; Sanitation; Economic growth; Global Maternal and Child Health Outcomes; Environmental planning; Geography; Health care; FOS: Environmental engineering; Health Service Utilization; Hygiene; Water resource management; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Economics, Econometrics and Finance; Environmental health; Financing of Health Care Systems and Universal Coverage; Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health; Medicine; Finance

AbstractWorldwide, the Joint Monitoring Program reports that one in four health care facilities (HCFs) lack functional water supply on premises, one in three lack hand hygiene facilities, and one in three lack adequate infectious waste disposal. The COVID-19 pandemics shed light on the lack of investments, the absence of infrastructures, education and policies related to WASH as well as revealed insufficient investment in healthcare safety and has brought WASH services as non-negotiable for HCFs. This study used a cross-sectional pre-post COVID-19 framework to determine the proportion of HCFs: meeting basic WASH services and, which WASH services improved post-COVID-19 in the Far-North Region of Cameroon. A total of 97 (23.04%) HCFs among the 421 that are found in the Far-North region were surveyed and located in eight (25%) of the 32 Health Districts. They corresponded to the integrated health centers category (79.4%) and the survey’s respondent was the chief of the HCF (92.8%). Approximately 75.3%, 0.0%, 48.5%, 46.4%, and 6.2% of HCFs respectively met thresholds for basic water, sanitation, hygiene, waste management, and environment cleaning services. When comparing pre- vs. post COVID-19 periods, a significant increase (8%) was noted in the proportion of HCFs as of optimal handwashing practices-related services (P=0.0026). There was also a significant increase (p=0.007) in the proportion of HCFs with cleaning protocols available. Further, none of the HCFs fulfilled all the criteria to meet basic services for all the five WASH services. In conclusion, the response to the COVID-19 pandemics only partially improved WASH services-related infrastructures in HCFs of the Far-North Region of Cameroon. The COVID-19 pandemics was a missed opportunity to strengthen WASH services. There should be a continuing encouragement of governments and funding agencies in planning and budgeting WASH in healthcare-related research and issues, and enabling the maintenance of existing WASH infrastructures in healthcare settings.