Distinct types of short open reading frames are translated in plant cells

• DOI: 10.1101/gr.253302.119
• Publication Date: 2019-08-06T20:25:14Z
• Authors: Igor Fesenko; Ilya Kirov; Andrey Kniazev; Regina Khazigaleeva; Vassili Lazarev; Daria Kharlampieva; Ekaterina Grafskaia; Viktor Zgoda; Ivan Butenko; Georgy Arapidi; Anna Mamaeva; Vadim Ivanov; Vadim Govorun
• Keywords: ORFS; Physcomitrella patens

Genomes contain millions of short (<100 codons) open reading frames (sORFs), which are usually dismissed during gene annotation. Nevertheless, peptides encoded by such sORFs can play important biological roles, and their impact on cellular processes has long been underestimated. Here, we analyzed approximately 70,000 transcribed in the model plant Physcomitrella patens (moss). Several distinct classes that differ terms position transcripts level evolutionary conservation present moss genome. Over 5000 were conserved at least one 10 species examined. Mass spectrometry analysis proteomic peptidomic data sets suggested tens located parts mRNAs noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) translated, including sORFs. Translational main ORFs a single locus existence genes code for multiple proteins with tissue-specific expression. Functional four lncRNA-encoded showed sORFs-encoded involved regulation growth differentiation moss. Knocking out resulted decrease growth. In contrast, overexpression these diverse range phenotypic effects. Our results thus new avenues discovering novel, biologically active kingdom.