Impacts of recent climate change on terrestrial flora and fauna: Some emerging Australian examples

• DOI: 10.1111/aec.12674
• Publication Date: 2018-11-21T03:58:36Z
• Authors: Ary A. Hoffmann; Paul D. Rymer; Margaret Byrne; Katinka X. Ruthrof; Jennie Whinam; Melodie McGeoch; Dana M. Bergstrom; Greg R. Guerin; Ben Sparrow; Leo Joseph; Sarah J. Hill; Nigel R. Andrew; James Camac; Nicholas Bell; Markus Riegler; Janet L. Gardner; Stephen E. Williams
• Keywords: Terrestrial ecosystem; Alternative stable state; Kelp forest

Abstract The effects of anthropogenic climate change on biodiversity are well known for some high‐profile Australian marine systems, including coral bleaching and kelp forest devastation. Less well‐published the impacts being observed in terrestrial ecosystems, although ecological models have predicted substantial changes likely. Detecting attributing to factors is difficult due importance extreme conditions, noisy nature short‐term data collected with limited resources, complexities introduced by biotic interactions. Here, we provide a suite case studies that considered possible systems. Our intention diverse collection stories illustrating how flora fauna likely responding direct indirect change. We aim raise awareness rather than be comprehensive. include covering canopy dieback forests, compositional shifts vegetation, positive feedbacks between climate, vegetation disturbance regimes, local extinctions plants, size birds, phenological reproduction shifting interactions threaten communities endangered species. Some these clear cut, others less clearly connected change; however, all important providing insights into future state ecosystems. also highlight management issues relevant conserving ecosystems face