Infant gut microbiome is enriched with Bifidobacterium longumssp. infantis in Old Order Mennonites with traditional farming lifestyle

• DOI: 10.1111/all.14877
• Publication Date: 2021-04-27T18:21:08Z
• Authors: Antti E. Seppo; Kevin Bu; Madina Jumabaeva; Juilee Thakar; Rakin A. Choudhury; Chloe Yonemitsu; Lars Bode; Camille A. Martina; Maria Allen; Sabrina Tamburini; Enrica Piras; David S. Wallach; R. John Looney; Jose C. Clemente; Kirsi M. Järvinen
• Keywords: Bifidobacterium breve; Bifidobacterium longum

Abstract Background Growing up on traditional, single‐family farms is associated with protection against asthma in school age, but the mechanisms early manifestations of atopic disease are largely unknown. We sought determine gut microbiome and metabolome composition rural Old Order Mennonite (OOM) infants at low risk Rochester, NY urban/suburban high for diseases. Methods In a cohort 65 OOM 39 Rochester mother‐infant pairs, 101 infant stool 61 human milk samples were assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing qPCR to quantify Bifidobacterium spp. B . longum ssp. infantis ( B. ), consumer oligosaccharides (HMOs). Fatty acids (FAs) analyzed 34 24 samples. Diagnoses symptoms diseases 3 years age telephone. Results At median 2 months, was enriched Bifidobacteriaceae , Clostridiaceae Aerococcaceae compared infants. more abundant p < .001) prevalent, detected 70% 21% .001). Stool colonized had higher levels lactate several medium‐ long/odd‐chain FAs. contrast, paired distinct set FAs including butyrate. Atopic reported 6.5% 35% children Conclusion A rate colonization, similar that seen developing countries, found