Illuminating the Dark Ages: Pupil Dilation as a Measure of Expectancy Violation Across the Life Span

• DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13354
• Publication Date: 2019-12-31T12:35:10Z
• Authors: Markus Krüger; Wolfgang Bartels; Horst Krist
• Keywords: Pupillometry; Pupillary response; Life span

Mainly for methodological reasons, little is known about the course of development early cognitive competencies diagnosed with violation expectation (VoE) method in infants. The goal this research was to evaluate use pupillometry as a unified approach assess expectancy violations during and beyond "dark ages" between 1 3 years. We tested children aged 1-6 years adults (N = 279) pictures animals combined matching or mismatching animal sounds. All age groups exhibited significantly greater pupil dilation mismatched than matched trials. conclude that viable alternative VoE that, by contrast latter, can be used throughout life span.