Extrinsically reinforced hybrid speciation within Holarctic ermine (Mustelaspp.) produces an insular endemic

• DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13234
• Publication Date: 2021-02-01T13:11:10Z
• Authors: Jocelyn P. Colella; Lindsey M. Frederick; Sandra L. Talbot; Joseph A. Cook
• Keywords: Holarctic; Endemism; Subspecies; Species complex

Abstract Aim Refugial isolation during glaciation is an established driver of speciation; however, the opposing role interglacial population expansion, secondary contact, and gene flow on diversification process remains less understood. The consequences glacial cycling diversity are complex especially so for archipelago species, which experience dramatic fluctuations in connectivity response to both lower sea levels events increased fragmentation recession. We test whether extended refugial has led divergence genetically morphologically distinct species within Holarctic ermine ( Mustela erminea ), a small cosmopolitan carnivore that harbours 34 extant subspecies, 14 insular endemics. Location Holarctic. Methods use genetic sequences (complete mitochondrial genomes, four nuclear genes) from >100 (stoats) geometric morphometric data >200 individuals (27 subspecies) across their range provide integrative perspective endemism this landscape. Multiple delimitation methods iBPP , bPTP ) assessed congruence between data. Results Our results support recognition at least three M. complex, coincident with clades, tied separate refugia. found substantial geographic variation each largely consistent historical infraspecific taxonomy. Main conclusions Phylogeographic structure mirrors patterns other major Nearctic‐Palearctic split, but greater intraspecific morphological diversity. Recognition endemic haidarum deep history persistence highlights urgency mindful management island populations along North America's Pacific Coast. Significant environmental modification (e.g. industrial‐scale logging, mining) been proposed number these islands, may elevate risk extinction palaeoendemics.