The role of sand lances (Ammodytes sp.) in the Northwest Atlantic Ecosystem: A synthesis of current knowledge with implications for conservation and management

• DOI: 10.1111/faf.12445
• Publication Date: 2020-03-20T18:28:17Z
• Authors: Michelle D. Staud...; Holly Goyert; Justin J. Suca; Kaycee Coleman; Linda Welch; Joel K. Llopiz; David Wiley; Irit Altman; Andew Applegate; Peter Auster; Hannes Baumann; Julia Beaty; Deirdre Boelke; Les Kaufman; Pam Loring; Jerry Moxley; Suzanne Paton; Kevin Powers; David Richardson; Jooke Robbins; Jeffrey Runge; Brian Smith; Caleb Spiegel; Halley Steinmetz
• Keywords: Marine ecosystem

Abstract The American sand lance ( Ammodytes americanus , Ammodytidae) and the Northern A. dubius are small forage fishes that play an important functional role in Northwest Atlantic Ocean (NWA). NWA is a highly dynamic ecosystem currently facing increased risks from climate change, fishing energy development. We need better understanding of biology, population dynamics to inform relevant management, adaptation conservation efforts. To meet this need, we synthesized available data on (a) life history, behaviour distribution; (b) trophic ecology; (c) threats vulnerabilities; (d) services NWA. Overall, 72 regional predators including 45 species fishes, two squids, 16 seabirds nine marine mammals were found consume . Priority research needs identified during effort include basic information patterns drivers abundance distribution improved assessments reproductive biology schedules investigations sensitivity resilience habitat disturbance. Food web studies also needed evaluate linkages assess consequences inconsistent zooplankton prey predator fields flow within ecosystem. Synthesis results represent first comprehensive assessment intended new support ecosystem‐based management approaches.